Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer or rectal cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the colon or rectum. It usually starts as a small growth or polyp on the inner lining of the colon or rectum, which can eventually turn cancerous if not removed. Effective colorectal cancer treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, which can significantly improve patient outcomes and help in the management of the disease.
The exact cause of colorectal cancer is not known, but several factors may increase the risk of developing the disease. These include:
Age: Colorectal cancer is more common in people over the age of 50.
Family History: Having a family history of colorectal cancer or certain genetic conditions such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) can increase the risk of developing the disease.
Personal History: People who have had colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps in the past are at a higher risk of developing the disease again.
Diet: A diet that is high in red or processed meats and low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity may also increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
The following are some common risk factors for colorectal cancer:
Age: Colorectal cancer is more common in people over the age of 50.
Family History: Having a family history of colorectal cancer or certain genetic conditions such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) can increase the risk of developing the disease.
Personal History: People who have had colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps in the past are at a higher risk of developing the disease again.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic inflammation of the colon or rectum due to conditions such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Diet: A diet that is high in red or processed meats and low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity may also increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Diabetes: People with type 2 diabetes may have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Early stage colorectal cancer often does not cause any symptoms, which is why regular screening is important. However, as the cancer grows, it may cause the following symptoms:
Changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation
Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
Abdominal pain or cramping
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue or weakness
Feeling like you need to have a bowel movement that does not relieve the feeling
There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing colorectal cancer, including:
Get screened regularly, especially if you have a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors.
Eat a diet that is high in fiber, fruits, and vegetables and low in red and processed meats.
Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight.
Limit alcohol consumption and quit smoking.
If you experience any symptoms of colorectal cancer, you should see a doctor right away. In addition, you should talk to your doctor about when to start getting screened for colorectal cancer and how often you should get screened based on your individual risk factors. If you experience any symptoms of colorectal cancer, prompt medical evaluation is essential. Additionally, discussing with your doctor about the optimal timing and frequency of colorectal cancer screenings based on your individual risk factors is crucial for early detection and initiating timely colorectal cancer treatment for the best possible outcomes.
Care My Cancer is an initiative by Dr Kamlesh Verma who is Director Surgical Oncology at Globe Healthcare and was formerly associated with the prestigious Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai.
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